Verificar una dirección de correo electrónico es una tarea difÃcil pero muy solicitada en el mundo web. ¿Por qué? Muy sencillo. Una dirección de email no válida nos puede suponer varios problemas, como el impedimento para ponernos en contacto con clientes, con usuarios y demás. Por eso antes de trabajar con direcciones de correo electrónico, debemos verificarlas y comprobar si son reales, o simplemente son falsas.
Validar direcciones de correo en PHP es muy sencillo utilizando la función filter_var() con el filtro FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL. Esta función comprobará si el formato de la dirección de correo electrónico dada es válida. Pero este filtro no es suficiente para validar si existe una dirección de correo electrónico o no. En este tutorial, te mostraremos cómo verificar si una dirección de correo electrónico es real y existe mediante PHP.
En el siguiente script validaremos una dirección de correo electrónico mediante la verificación del registro DNS MX y el dominio. Este script es muy útil para verificar la dirección de correo electrónico del usuario antes de enviar un correo electrónico o insertarlo en la base de datos. Puedes diferenciar entre direcciones de correo electrónico reales e inválidas, y aceptar solo aquellas que existan.
LibrerÃa para modificar direcciones de correo electrónico
Utilizaremos la clase VerifyEmail para comprobar si una dirección de correo electrónico es válida y real utilizando el protocolo SMTP en PHP. Para ello debemos usar una función de la clase VerifyEmail para verificar la dirección de correo electrónico en PHP.
check()
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Valida el formato de la dirección de correo
- Obtendremos registros MX del dominio
- Nos conectaremos al servidor SMTP por los registros MX
- Basándonos en el código de la respuesta, comprobaremos si la dirección es válida, si el dominio es válido y la entrega del mensaje.
<?php /** * Class to validate the email address * * @author CodexWorld.com <[email protected]> * @copyright Copyright (c) 2018, CodexWorld.com * @url https://www.codexworld.com */ class VerifyEmail { protected $stream = false; /** * SMTP port number * @var int */ protected $port = 25; /** * Email address for request * @var string */ protected $from = 'root@localhost'; /** * The connection timeout, in seconds. * @var int */ protected $max_connection_timeout = 30; /** * Timeout value on stream, in seconds. * @var int */ protected $stream_timeout = 5; /** * Wait timeout on stream, in seconds. * * 0 - not wait * @var int */ protected $stream_timeout_wait = 0; /** * Whether to throw exceptions for errors. * @type boolean * @access protected */ protected $exceptions = false; /** * The number of errors encountered. * @type integer * @access protected */ protected $error_count = 0; /** * class debug output mode. * @type boolean */ public $Debug = false; /** * How to handle debug output. * Options: * * `echo` Output plain-text as-is, appropriate for CLI * * `html` Output escaped, line breaks converted to `<br>`, appropriate for browser output * * `log` Output to error log as configured in php.ini * @type string */ public $Debugoutput = 'echo'; /** * SMTP RFC standard line ending. */ const CRLF = "rn"; /** * Holds the most recent error message. * @type string */ public $ErrorInfo = ''; /** * Constructor. * @param boolean $exceptions Should we throw external exceptions? */ public function __construct($exceptions = false) { $this->exceptions = (boolean) $exceptions; } /** * Set email address for SMTP request * @param string $email Email address */ public function setEmailFrom($email) { if (!self::validate($email)) { $this->set_error('Invalid address : ' . $email); $this->edebug($this->ErrorInfo); if ($this->exceptions) { throw new verifyEmailException($this->ErrorInfo); } } $this->from = $email; } /** * Set connection timeout, in seconds. * @param int $seconds */ public function setConnectionTimeout($seconds) { if ($seconds > 0) { $this->max_connection_timeout = (int) $seconds; } } /** * Sets the timeout value on stream, expressed in the seconds * @param int $seconds */ public function setStreamTimeout($seconds) { if ($seconds > 0) { $this->stream_timeout = (int) $seconds; } } public function setStreamTimeoutWait($seconds) { if ($seconds >= 0) { $this->stream_timeout_wait = (int) $seconds; } } /** * Validate email address. * @param string $email * @return boolean True if valid. */ public static function validate($email) { return (boolean) filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL); } /** * Get array of MX records for host. Sort by weight information. * @param string $hostname The Internet host name. * @return array Array of the MX records found. */ public function getMXrecords($hostname) { $mxhosts = array(); $mxweights = array(); if (getmxrr($hostname, $mxhosts, $mxweights) === FALSE) { $this->set_error('MX records not found or an error occurred'); $this->edebug($this->ErrorInfo); } else { array_multisort($mxweights, $mxhosts); } /** * Add A-record as last chance (e.g. if no MX record is there). * Thanks Nicht Lieb. * @link http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2821.html RFC 2821 - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol */ if (empty($mxhosts)) { $mxhosts[] = $hostname; } return $mxhosts; } /** * Parses input string to array(0=>user, 1=>domain) * @param string $email * @param boolean $only_domain * @return string|array * @access private */ public static function parse_email($email, $only_domain = TRUE) { sscanf($email, "%[^@]@%s", $user, $domain); return ($only_domain) ? $domain : array($user, $domain); } /** * Add an error message to the error container. * @access protected * @param string $msg * @return void */ protected function set_error($msg) { $this->error_count++; $this->ErrorInfo = $msg; } /** * Check if an error occurred. * @access public * @return boolean True if an error did occur. */ public function isError() { return ($this->error_count > 0); } /** * Output debugging info * Only generates output if debug output is enabled * @see verifyEmail::$Debugoutput * @see verifyEmail::$Debug * @param string $str */ protected function edebug($str) { if (!$this->Debug) { return; } switch ($this->Debugoutput) { case 'log': //Don't output, just log error_log($str); break; case 'html': //Cleans up output a bit for a better looking, HTML-safe output echo htmlentities( preg_replace('/[rn]+/', '', $str), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8' ) . "<br>n"; break; case 'echo': default: //Normalize line breaks $str = preg_replace('/(rn|r|n)/ms', "n", $str); echo gmdate('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "t" . str_replace( "n", "n t ", trim($str) ) . "n"; } } /** * Validate email * @param string $email Email address * @return boolean True if the valid email also exist */ public function check($email) { $result = FALSE; if (!self::validate($email)) { $this->set_error("{$email} incorrect e-mail"); $this->edebug($this->ErrorInfo); if ($this->exceptions) { throw new verifyEmailException($this->ErrorInfo); } return FALSE; } $this->error_count = 0; // Reset errors $this->stream = FALSE; $mxs = $this->getMXrecords(self::parse_email($email)); $timeout = ceil($this->max_connection_timeout / count($mxs)); foreach ($mxs as $host) { /** * suppress error output from stream socket client... * Thanks Michael. */ $this->stream = @stream_socket_client("tcp://" . $host . ":" . $this->port, $errno, $errstr, $timeout); if ($this->stream === FALSE) { if ($errno == 0) { $this->set_error("Problem initializing the socket"); $this->edebug($this->ErrorInfo); if ($this->exceptions) { throw new verifyEmailException($this->ErrorInfo); } return FALSE; } else { $this->edebug($host . ":" . $errstr); } } else { stream_set_timeout($this->stream, $this->stream_timeout); stream_set_blocking($this->stream, 1); if ($this->_streamCode($this->_streamResponse()) == '220') { $this->edebug("Connection success {$host}"); break; } else { fclose($this->stream); $this->stream = FALSE; } } } if ($this->stream === FALSE) { $this->set_error("All connection fails"); $this->edebug($this->ErrorInfo); if ($this->exceptions) { throw new verifyEmailException($this->ErrorInfo); } return FALSE; } $this->_streamQuery("HELO " . self::parse_email($this->from)); $this->_streamResponse(); $this->_streamQuery("MAIL FROM: <{$this->from}>"); $this->_streamResponse(); $this->_streamQuery("RCPT TO: <{$email}>"); $code = $this->_streamCode($this->_streamResponse()); $this->_streamResponse(); $this->_streamQuery("RSET"); $this->_streamResponse(); $code2 = $this->_streamCode($this->_streamResponse()); $this->_streamQuery("QUIT"); fclose($this->stream); $code = !empty($code2)?$code2:$code; switch ($code) { case '250': /** * http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0821.txt * 250 Requested mail action okay, completed * email address was accepted */ case '450': case '451': case '452': /** * http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0821.txt * 450 Requested action not taken: the remote mail server * does not want to accept mail from your server for * some reason (IP address, blacklisting, etc..) * Thanks Nicht Lieb. * 451 Requested action aborted: local error in processing * 452 Requested action not taken: insufficient system storage * email address was greylisted (or some temporary error occured on the MTA) * i believe that e-mail exists */ return TRUE; case '550': return FALSE; default : return FALSE; } } /** * writes the contents of string to the file stream pointed to by handle * If an error occurs, returns FALSE. * @access protected * @param string $string The string that is to be written * @return string Returns a result code, as an integer. */ protected function _streamQuery($query) { $this->edebug($query); return stream_socket_sendto($this->stream, $query . self::CRLF); } /** * Reads all the line long the answer and analyze it. * If an error occurs, returns FALSE * @access protected * @return string Response */ protected function _streamResponse($timed = 0) { $reply = stream_get_line($this->stream, 1); $status = stream_get_meta_data($this->stream); if (!empty($status['timed_out'])) { $this->edebug("Timed out while waiting for data! (timeout {$this->stream_timeout} seconds)"); } if ($reply === FALSE && $status['timed_out'] && $timed < $this->stream_timeout_wait) { return $this->_streamResponse($timed + $this->stream_timeout); } if ($reply !== FALSE && $status['unread_bytes'] > 0) { $reply .= stream_get_line($this->stream, $status['unread_bytes'], self::CRLF); } $this->edebug($reply); return $reply; } /** * Get Response code from Response * @param string $str * @return string */ protected function _streamCode($str) { preg_match('/^(?<code>[0-9]{3})(s|-)(.*)$/ims', $str, $matches); $code = isset($matches['code']) ? $matches['code'] : false; return $code; } } /** * verifyEmail exception handler */ class verifyEmailException extends Exception { /** * Prettify error message output * @return string */ public function errorMessage() { $errorMsg = $this->getMessage(); return $errorMsg; } } ?>
Uso
La librerÃa VerifyEmail es muy sencilla de utilizar si queremos validar una dirección de correo.
- Inicializamos la librerÃa utilizando VerifyEmail()
- Definimos el timeout, debug y demás parámetros
- Llámamos a la función check() y le pasamos la dirección de correo que queremos validar
<?php
// Include library file
require_once 'VerifyEmail.class.php';
// Initialize library class
$mail = new VerifyEmail();
// Set the timeout value on stream
$mail->setStreamTimeoutWait(20);
// Set debug output mode
$mail->Debug= TRUE;
$mail->Debugoutput= 'html';
// Set email address for SMTP request
$mail->setEmailFrom('[email protected]');
// Email to check
$email = '[email protected]';
// Check if email is valid and exist
if($mail->check($email)){
echo 'Email <'.$email.'> is exist!';
}elseif(verifyEmail::validate($email)){
echo 'Email <'.$email.'> is valid, but not exist!';
}else{
echo 'Email <'.$email.'> is not valid and not exist!';
}
?>